Access Modifiers or Access Specifiers in C #
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In this article we will learn C# Access Modifiers (Access
Specifiers) and what their purpose is.
Firstly we learn what is an Access Modifier? Why use access
modifiers?
Access Modifiers
Access Specifiers or Access Modifiers is used to describe
the visibility of a method or class property. Access modifiers are delineated
as the scope of intelligibility of an Object and its members. We can ascendancy
the scope of the member object of a class using access modifiers. We can
provide security for our application using access modifiers. When we use class modifiers then it restricts
access so that other programs cannot see the properties. Access Modifiers
keyword used to specify the define accessibility of a member or a type.
For example, when we declare a public method in the class is
accessible to everyone without any diminution, while an internal class may be
accessible to the body only.
Why use Access Modifiers?
Access modifiers are an essential part of object-oriented
programming. Access Modifiers allow you to define who can access or who can’t
access to exact features.
Following are the 5 types of Access Modifiers.
1.
Public
2.
Private
3.
Protected
4.
Internal
5.
Protected Internal
In that four is the main type (Public, Private, Protected,
Internal) and one is combinations type (Protected Internal).
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1.
Public
The public method is accessible to everyone
or anywhere without any restrictions or there are no restrictions on accessing
public members. When public method is attached to either a property, it means
that those members can be accessed from any external program code in the same
assembly or another assembly. The range of the accessibility is inside a class
as well as outside a class.
For example:
class EmployeeDetails
{
public
int eID = 101;
}
Class Employee
{
static
void Main(string[] args)
{
EmployeeDetails
emp = new EmployeeDetails();
Console.WriteLine(emp.eID);
}
}
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2.
Private
When the private method is attached to
either property, it means that those members cannot be accessed from any
external program code in the same assembly or another assembly. Private access
modifiers access is limited to the same assembly or another assembles. The
range of the accessibility is limited only inside the classes in which they are
declared. The Private method members cannot be accessed outside the class or
these method members are accessible only within the body of the class in which
they are declared.
For example
class EmployeeDetails
{
private
int eID = 101;
}
Class Employee
{
static
void Main(string[] args)
{
EmployeeDetails
emp = new EmployeeDetails();
Console.WriteLine(emp.eID);
}
}
Now above example we get error, we can’t
access the eID variable because it that the private access modifier and it’s
only accessible in the EmployeeDetails class.
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3.
Protected
In protected method access is limited to
the class definition and any class that inherits from the class. When the protected
method is attached to either property, it means that those members can be
accessed only by classes inherited from the current class. We will discuss that
thing in details in the Inheritance. A protected method member of a base class
is accessible in a derived class only if the access takes place through the
derived class type.
class EmployeeDetails
{
protected
int eID = 101;
}
class CompanyDetails: EmployeeDetails //
this is inheritance. CompanyDetails derives from the EmployeeDetails class
{
void
Print()
{
Console.WriteLine(eID);
// we can access it in this class
}
}
Class Employee
{
static
void Main(string[] args)
{
EmployeeDetails
emp = new EmployeeDetails();
Console.WriteLine(emp.eID);
// here we get error. The number varibale is inaccessible dut to its protection
level.
}
}
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4.
Internal
The internal access modifier is limited to
the current assembly. When the internal method is attached to either property,
it means that those members can be accessed within the program that contains
its declarations and also accesses within the same assembly level but not from
another assembly. We can declare a class as internal or its member as internal
using this method.
public class EmployeeDetails
{
internal
int eID = 101;
}
Class Employee
{
void
Print()
{
EmployeeDetails
emp = new EmployeeDetails();
Console.WriteLine(emp.eID);
// That is okay. Anywhere in this project we can access the eID variable.
}
}
C
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5.
Protected Internal
Protected Internal access is limited to the current project or
current assembly from the containing class. Protected Internal is the same
levels of both the protected and internal methods. Protected Internal can
access anywhere in the same project and in the same class also the classes
inherited from the same class. The Protected Internal means protected or
internal not a protected and internal.
public class EmployeeDetails
{
protected
internal int eID = 101;
}
Class Employee
{
void Print()
{
EmployeeDetails
emp = new EmployeeDetails();
Console.WriteLine(emp.eID);
// That is okay. Anywhere in this project we can access the eID variable.
}
}
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